1. Overview

Spring 5, which will release later this year, will support building asynchronous and Reactive applications.

This is a simple tutorial showing the new features in Spring and how to create a web application. The application will connect to a database, have basic authentication, and be Reactive.

2. Reactive Programming

Reactive programming is about building asynchronous, non-blocking, and event-driven applications that can easily scale.

Each event is published to subscribers while ensuring that the subscribers are never overwhelmed.

Mono and Flux are implementations of the Publisher interface. A Flux will observe 0 to N items and eventually terminate successfully or not. A Mono will observe 0 or 1 item, with Mono<Void> hinting at most 0 items.

To learn more about Reactive Programming, you can refer to this article.

3. Dependencies

We’ll use Gradle to build our project. I recommend using Spring Initializr for bootstrapping your project.

We’ll use:

Not all the Spring libraries have a stable release yet.

Lombok is used to reduce boilerplate code for models and POJOs. It can generate setters/getters, default constructors, toString, etc. methods automatically.

4. Auto-Configuration

We’ll leave Spring Boot to automatically configure our application based on the dependencies added.

For using non-default values in our application configuration, we can specify them as properties and Spring Boot will automatically use them to create beans.

All beans necessary for MongoDB, Web, and Security will be automatically created.

5. Database

We’ll be using MongoDB in our example and a simple POJO. A PersonRepository bean will be created automatically.

6. Web API

We’ll create REST endpoints for Person.

Spring 5 added support for creating routes functionally while still supporting the traditional annotation-based way of creating them.

Let’s look at both of them with the help of examples.

6.1. Annotation-based

This is the traditional way of creating endpoints.

This will create a REST endpoint /person which will return all the Person records reactively.

6.2. Router Functions

This is a new and concise way of creating endpoints.

The nest method is used to create nested routes, where a group of routes share a common path (prefix), header, or other RequestPredicate.

So, in our case all the corresponding routes have the common prefix /person.

In the first route, we have exposed a GET API /person/{id} which will retrieve the corresponding record and return it.

In the second route, we have exposed a POST API /person which will receive a Person object and save it in the DB.

The cURL commands for the same:

We should define the routes in a Spring configuration file.

7. Security

We’ll be using a very simple basic authentication mechanism in our example.

We have added some users for our application and assigned different roles to them.

8. Conclusion

I have tried explaining, with a simple example, how to build a simple Reactive web application using Spring Boot.

You can read more about:

You can find the complete example on Github.